Countries colored in brown rank highly in the Growth Competitiveness Index 2004 - 2005, World Economic Forum. Black circles represent select biotechnology and life sciences clusters.

Definitions

Biotechnology: Biotechnology is the use of cellular and biomolecular processes to solve problems or make useful products. [Biotechnology Industry Organization - BIO]

Bioscience/Life Science: pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, medical devices, R&D in the life sciences. [Devol et al., 2005]

Clusters: Clusters are a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, including product producers, service providers, suppliers, universities, and trade associations. [Cluster Mapping Project, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School]

* Cited no. 8 for Total Life Sciences Current Impact by Devol (2005) defined as pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical devices, and R&D in the life sciences. Minneapolis/St. Paul/Rochester is principally a medical device cluster.

References

• Cortright, Joseph and Heike Mayer. "Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Centers in the U.S." The Brookings Institution, June 2002. [focuses on biopharmaceuticals]
• Devol,Ross et al. "America's Biotech and Life Science Clusters: San Diego's Position and Economic Contributions" The Milken Institute, June 2004.
• Devol,Ross et al. "The Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Cluster: An Economic and Comparative Assessment" The Milken Institute, June 2005.
• GDIS - Biotechnology Clusters
• "Health Biotechnology Innovation in Developing Countries" Canadian Program on Genomic and Global Health at the University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, Nature Biotechnology 22 (12s): December 2004.
• OECD: The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda, an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Scoping Paper, March 2006.

  Websites

• BioSpectrum India, Global Bioclusters
• Biotechnology Industry Organization - BIO US
• Canadian Biotechnology Clusters Strategis - Industry Canada
• European Biotechnology Science, 2004.
• Biotech Clusters Department of Trade & Industry, United Kingdom
• BioLondon
• Seebio [South East England]
• BioRegions in Germany
  • BioCon Valley
  • BioTechnikum Greifswald
  • Network LifeScience Bavaria
  • BioRegio STERN

• Biotechnology France
• BioValley [France, Switzerland, Germany]
• Zurich MedNet [Switzerland]
• BioAlps [France, Switzerland]
• Medicon Valley [Denmark-Sweden]
• ScanBalt BioRegion [Scandinavia, Baltic states, Iceland, Poland, North Germany, Northwestern Russia]
• Cape Biotech [South Africa]
• Biotech Japan
• BiotechEast [Taiwan]
• Biopolis Singapore
• BioValley Malaysia
• Bangalore Bio [India]
• Genome Valley [India]
• BioMelbourne Network
• BioFirst [New South Wales, Australia]

Map is a Mercator projection that exaggerates the size of areas far from the equator.

Global biotechnology clusters map published by:

Encyclopedia of Globalization, Routledge, November 2006.

Rinaldi, Andrea. "More than the sum of their parts? Clustering is becoming more prevalent in the biosciences, despite concerns over the sustainability and economic effectiveness of science parks and hubs,"EMBO reports, February 2006 [PDF]

Salerno, Reynolds. "International Biological Threat Reduction at Sandia," Sandia National Laboratory, July 31, 2006 [PDF]

Global biotechnology clusters map cited by:

About.com: Biotechnology Clusters in North America
BioSpectrum India "Fostering Growth Through Bioclusters," November 2005
"Biotechnology clusters: Rationale, development, and emerging trends," Yuri Friedman, PhD., New Economy Strategies, presentation at the Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. April 5th 2005. [PDF]
"Do's and Don'ts of Global Biotech Fundraising," Jay A. Lefton, BIO 2005, [PDF]
"Innovation in Global Industries: Biotechnology" National Research Council, Washington, DC., 2008.
Scientific American editors' blog "Where in the World is Biotechnology?"

Click photo for C-SPAN Book TV
discussion of The Stem Cell Dilemma

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Global Maps of Human Technological Development

World Stem Cell Map	Stem Cell Research Centers Map 2006	Global Biotech & Biosecurity Map	Global Competitiveness / Stem Cell Research Map	Stem Cell Science
Global Biotech Crops Map 2004	Digital Innovation Map 2000	Industrialization Map 1850	Origin of Food Production Map	Electrification - Earth at Night Mayhew & Simmon (NASA/GSFC)

Maps created with GMT software
Updated 6/3/08

William Hoffman - hoffm003@umn.edu

Disclaimer: This work is a communications project of William Hoffman, a non-faculty employee of the University of Minnesota, and not the University of Minnesota. It is meant to help inform public discussion of stem cell research and human development.

MBBNet

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